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- <text id=94TT0788>
- <title>
- Jun. 20, 1994: Medicine:Streptomania Hits Home
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jun. 20, 1994 The War on Welfare Mothers
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 54
- Streptomania Hits Home
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> A bacterial strain that terrified Britain pops up in the
- U.S., but doctors say there's no need to panic
- </p>
- <p>By Michael D. Lemonick--Reported by Alice Park/New York, with
- other bureaus
- </p>
- <p> Severe invasive group a streptococcus is the official
- scientific name, but labels like "deadly flesh-eating bacteria"
- can be too deliciously terrifying to resist. That's what British
- tabloids decided when they learned that the germ had caused a
- mini-outbreak of lethal infections in Gloucestershire last
- month, bringing the death toll in England and Wales for this
- particularly virulent form of strep to 11 for the year. The
- papers fanned fears with such headlines as EATEN ALIVE and
- KILLER BUG ATE MY FACE. And when a handful of cases, including
- at least one death, were reported in the U.S. last week, the
- coverage, particularly on TV, was only a little more subdued.
- Just about everyone was suddenly talking about the killer bug
- that destroys human flesh, and some wondered whether the world
- was facing a new scourge even more horrifying than AIDS.
- </p>
- <p> The short answer, say doctors: no way. While the
- streptococcus bacterium is very common--it causes the strep
- throat that everyone catches sooner or later--the publicized
- cases involve a deadly variant of the germ that is rare. Up to
- 15,000 people come down with invasive Group A strep every year,
- and perhaps 3,000 die. The infection is easily treatable,
- though, if caught early. Moreover, the microbe has been around
- for years, and no one thinks it will suddenly cause a pandemic.
- </p>
- <p> Still, the bug is so virulent and so fast moving when it
- does strike that it cannot be taken lightly. It is passed by
- human-to-human contact, and its favorite route of infection is
- through an open wound. Within 24 hours the patient develops
- flulike symptoms, including fever and chills. Over the next day
- or two, these conditions worsen; a rash may develop as well.
- </p>
- <p> Until that point, antibiotics can easily wipe it out. What
- makes severe, invasive strep A different is that the microbe
- itself is "ill," infected with a virus. The virus tricks the
- bacterium into pumping out a highly toxic chemical. Among the
- possible effects: a catastrophic drop in blood pressure (which
- contributed to the death of Muppetmeister Jim Henson in 1990);
- scarlet fever; or, as the recent news reports point out,
- "necrotizing fasciitis," an illness that can eat away fat and
- muscle at the astounding rate of up to one inch an hour. If that
- last process starts, the only treatments are antibiotics and the
- cutting away of affected tissue, including limb amputation. Even
- so, death can come in three to four days.
- </p>
- <p> The key question is whether killer strep is on the rise.
- Some experts think it's not. But even those who say the
- bacterium is spreading believe this is part of a recurring
- biological cycle, not a new phenomenon. The scarlet fever
- epidemics of the 1930s and '40s were caused by invasive strep
- A, and there were reports at the time of necrotizing fasciitis.
- After a deadly run through the population, the bacterium
- subsided; most victims had either died or developed immunity.
- The big difference this time is better treatment. While some
- strains of strep are showing resistance to some antibiotics, the
- drugs are still effective in most cases. If people seek prompt
- treatment for sore throats and unusually high fevers--especially when they've recently suffered cuts--those deadly
- flesh-eating bacteria need not be deadly at all.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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